蘋果無損檢測和品質(zhì)分級技術(shù)研究進展及展望research progress and prospect on non-destructive detection and quality grading technology of apple
曹玉棟,祁偉彥,李 嫻,李哲敏
中國農(nóng)業(yè)*農(nóng)業(yè)信息研究所，北京 100081 收稿日期:2019-06-17 修回日期:2019-07-18 接受日期:2019-07-22 出版日期:2019-07-30 發(fā)布日期:2019-08-23 作者簡介:曹玉棟(1996-) 男，碩士研究生，研究方向院 農(nóng)業(yè)信息分析管理， ：aomeidiguo 基金資助:*級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(y2019xk18)；中國農(nóng)業(yè)*科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(caas-astip-2016-aii-02)摘要：中國蘋果總產(chǎn)量高，但出口量占比低，蘋果市場多被進口蘋果所占領(lǐng)，主要原因是缺乏果品品質(zhì)分級精選技術(shù)與裝備，采摘后處理自動化程度低，大部分果品未經(jīng)加工或簡單粗加工后進入消費市場，果品品質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定，大大降低了市場競爭力。本文分別對蘋果品質(zhì)無損檢測和分級技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀進行了研究進展分析，并對其發(fā)展進行了展望。蘋果無損檢測技術(shù)主要包括光譜、電特性、ct、色譜、電子鼻和計算機視覺技術(shù)，針對各種技術(shù)的功能特點和優(yōu)缺點，提出了發(fā)展基于新型傳感器技術(shù)的蘋果氣味檢測方法；蘋果品質(zhì)分級則主要采用基于機器視覺的多特征分級方法，蘋果品質(zhì)無損檢測技術(shù)與分級技術(shù)的有機結(jié)合是蘋果品質(zhì)分級技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，同時這對于提高蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力具有促進作用。整體而言，中國蘋果品質(zhì)無損檢測和分級技術(shù)發(fā)展需求緊迫，檢測新技術(shù)如采用納米科學(xué)、生物技術(shù)和人工智能方法的傳感器技術(shù)及產(chǎn)品在蘋果無損、品質(zhì)分級檢測方面具有巨大潛力，多技術(shù)的融合如集成電、光、氣和計算機視覺等實時、高效、高精度的蘋果品質(zhì)分級系統(tǒng)可能是提高蘋果分級品質(zhì)和提升蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的重要發(fā)展方向。
關(guān)鍵詞: 蘋果品質(zhì), 無損檢測, 品質(zhì)分級, 傳感器技術(shù)
abstract:china has high total apple output, but the export volume is low. the high-end apple market is mostly occupied by imported apples. the main reason of this situation is the lack of technologies and equipments for fruit quality classification, and the degree of automation after picking stands low. the apples enter the consumer market without simple roughing processing, and the quality of the apple is unstable, which greatly reduces its market competitiveness. in this paper, the status quo of non-destructive detection and grading technology of apple quality was analyzed, then the development was forecasted. apple non-destructive detection technology mainly includes spectrum, electrical characteristics, ct, chromatography, electronic nose and computer vision technology. according to the functional characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies, it is proposed to develop apple odor detection method based on new sensor technology; adopting multi-feature grading method based on machine vision, the combination of apple quality non-destructive testing technology and grading technology can promote the improvement of apple's industrial competitiveness. overall, the needs of apple quality non-destructive detection and grading technology development in china are urgent. detections with new technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and artificial inligence methods of sensor technology and products in apple non-destructive, quality grading detection and multi-technology have great potential. a real-time, efficient, high-precision grading systems in apple quality which integrates electricity, light, gas and computer vision may be an important development direction for improving apple's quality and enhancing the competitiveness of the apple industry.
key words: apple quality, non-destructive detection, quality grading, sensor technology